Kaluga

Kaluga is a city and the regulatory focus of Kaluga Oblast, Russia, situated on the Oka River 150 kilometers southwest of Moscow. Kaluga, established in the mid-14^th century as an outskirt stronghold on the southwestern fringes of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, first shows up in the authentic record in narratives in the 14^th century as Koluga; the name originates from Old Russian kaluga - "lowland, quagmire".

During the time of Tartar assaults it was the western end of the Oka bank protection line. The Great remain on the Ugra River was battled just toward the west. In the Middle Ages Kaluga was a minor settlement possessed by the Princes Vorotynsky. The hereditary home of these sovereigns lies southwest of the advanced city. Kaluga is the authoritative focal point of the oblast. Within the structure of regulatory divisions, it is, as one with 72 rustic regions, consolidated as the City of Kaluga—a managerial unit with the status equivalent to that of the districts.

As a civil division, the City of Kaluga, together with one country region in Ferzikovsky District, is fused as Kaluga Urban Okrug. In Kaluga, Kaluga Turbine Plant is found, is a piece of the organization Power Machines; Kaluga Machine Works produces track machines for railroads, plant a remote organization MACO Door and Window. As of late Kaluga has turned out to be one focal point of the Russian car industry, with various remote organizations opening gathering plants in the region.